Human Resources in the Aviation Industry - 3059 Words

Human Resources in the Aviation Industry Submitted to: Mrs. Jasmina Popov-Locke Submitted by: Maha A. Jammoul CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Recruitment and Selection Process†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4-12 Effect of recruitment, selection, and interviewing processes on Southwest Airlines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...13-17 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...18 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.19 INTRODUCTION Human resources is a very important and essential element of any business. In the aviation industry, it plays a vital role due the contribution it makes to the over-all employee-firm relationship. Human resources concern the human side of managing enterprises and employees’ relations with their firms. It makes sure that the employees of the†¦show more content†¦SELECTION In the process of selection, the candidates for the specific job will be assessed and filtered out based on their level of compatibility with the organization or firm as a whole. Common Steps taken by Manager in the Selection Process: 1. Comparing of application forms and looking for candidates exhibiting suitability for the job. 2. Making a list of candidates to be interviewed and a list of rejected applicants (Short-listing). 3. Deciding what type of interview should be given and what test should be used. 4. Taking down notes on the applicants’ performance in the interview and tests. ââ€"  Interview Method This is the most common method used. The interview is conducted by the recruiter and types of interview vary from one organization to another e.g. individual, successive, panel. In this method, the applicant will be answering questions given by the interviewer wherein his/her communication skills and job knowledge will be put to test. ââ€"  Psychometric Testing Method In this method, applicants will be assessed based on their personalities and their ability to fit in the organization. ââ€"  Aptitude Testing Method Skills of the applicants are being assessed in this given method. ââ€"  In-tray Exercise Method Exercise or activities will be given to the candidates which will show their performance level on the job they will be handling. ââ€"  Presentation Method Skills andShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Hr And Their Role Of Aviation Industry1511 Words   |  7 Pages Importance of HR and their Role in aviation industry Department of Aviation, Lewis University, Romeoville, IL Bipin Patel bipinnpatel@lewisu.edu +12247701888 Abstract Today, Human Resource Management has become a vital part of industries. They play a significant role in all industry. This paper will describe about the Human Resource Management (HRM) and how important to have HRM in industry and the role played by it, in various companies around the globe to make it successful. HRM isRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Labor Relations951 Words   |  4 PagesName: Priyal Patel Course name: Human Resource Management and Labor Relations in the Aviation and Transportation Course number: 47-506-01-FA15 Human resource management in Aviation:Recruting and selection. Abstract The commercial aviation industry is safety-sensitive, high technology and extremely competitive service industry. The implications are vast and pervasive affecting no less than the organisation’s strategy, culture, and numerous operational activities.Read MoreProposal Of Accounting Center Of Xxx Aviation1052 Words   |  5 PagesCenter of Xxx Aviation Lei Zhang, Lei. 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A person intends to carry out an action, does so correctly, the action is inappropriate, and the desiredRead MoreThe Hospitality And Tourism Industry1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe hospitality and tourism industry plays an essential role in global growth around the world. One of the biggest key players is an airline industry. An airline industry contains both hospitality and tourism . One of the key players to this industry is the cabin crew. However, according to Laszlo â€Å" with recent economic decline the airline industry is not in good health in terms of operation and customer service organization† said (1999). It is therefore, important to understand that the crews mustRead MoreHuman Factors In The Aviation Industry1057 Words   |  5 PagesThe influence of human factors within the aviation community is wide and apparent in today’s world. There are many human factors that all come with their own disadvantages. However, through the study and experience with human factors come improvements and ways to avoid these disadvantages. â€Å"Human factors are the science of understanding the properties of human capability. The application of this understanding applies to the design, development, deployment of systems and services, and the artRead MoreGeneral Aviation Safety Security Practices1321 Words   |  6 PagesGeneral Aviation Safety and Security Practices Capt. ELhadi Y. Nour AM 645 March /20/2010 SUMMARY Over the past 40 years, safety in the general aviation arena has greatly improved. The reasons are many and include improved aircraft reliability, pilot training enhancements, and better weather reporting capabilities. One often overlooked contributor to this safety record is the contribution made on the ground by general aviation airport operators, as well as those fixedRead MoreAirline Industry1221 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the world’s most competitive and prominent industries is the airlines industry. It generates huge amounts of income as well as employment each year. Some of the common names in US air travel service providers are Alaska, Northwest, Southwest, US airways, American etc. According to the latest statistics given by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the airline sector will post a profit of $9 billion in 2011. After the recent credit crunch, economies are now coming back toRead MoreInterventions and Policies for Airline Accident Prevention1804 Words   |  7 Pagesnature of many accidents results in recommendations, interventions and policies which are conducive to accident prevention. Although these can be improved to facilitate greater measurable outcomes and achievable improvements to aviation safety. When discussing aviation investigation policies, ICAO Annex 13 of the Chicago Convention states ‘The sole objective of the investigation of an accident or incident shall be the prevention of accidents and incidents. It is not the purpose of this activityRead MoreSafety Management Systems For Aviation Service1684 Words   |  7 Pagesorganisational behaviour and human factors play a powerful role in the establishment of a positive safety culture within an organisation. Different regulatory bodies and National Aviation Authorities use different definitions for the management of safety principles. For the purpose of this essay, the following will be used: A documented process for managing risks that integrates operations and technical systems with the management of financial and human resources to ensure aviation safety or the safety

Analysis Of Never Let Me Go - 889 Words

Letting Go: Use of the fictional song â€Å"Never Let Me Go† in Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go Kazuo Ishiguro’s 2005 novel Never Let Me Go follows Kathy H and her friends Ruth and Tommy through their years at Hailsham, the Cottages, and while she is a donor, all while the three grow up and grow apart. Never Let Me Go is written from the perspective of Kathy H., one of the many clones in a society where humans are cloned and the clones are then sent to schools to learn and grow up. After the clones come of age, they became â€Å"carers† who look after the clones who are in the process of donating their vital organs. When the carers are done with that stage in their life, they start their donating process in which their organs are harvested to be used by†¦show more content†¦In Norfolk, Kathy and Tommy visit a charity shop in which Kathy comes across Judy Bridgewater’s tape with â€Å"Never Let Me Go† on it. While in Norfolk, the group sets out to find Ruth’s supposed possible. However, the woman perceived to be Ruth’s possible turns out to just be an ordinary woman happening to live Ruth’s â€Å"dream future†. Upon the realization that she is not her possible, Ruth rants, â€Å"were modelled from trash. Junkies,prostitutes, winos, tramps† (Chapter Fourteen). This upsets the group, realizing that Ruth might be right. Upon recognition of Ruth’s theory, the group has to let go of their hope for tracking down their possibles, as well as the wish for their possibles to be living their dream futures. After Kathy and Tommy reconnect and (finally) have a romantic relationship, the pair travels to Norfolk to ask Madame if the rumor is true. While on their first Norfolk trip, Chrissie and Rodney told Kathy and Tommy that they had heard a rumor that if two former Hailsham students could prove that they were properly in love, their donating period would be postponed by a few years. The pair find Madame and Miss Emily, receiving some unfortunate news. During their conversation, Kathy and Madame discuss the time Madame stood and cried while watching Kathy dance to Bridgewater’s â€Å"Never Let Me Go†. In the middle of their drive back to the center, Tommy asks Kathy to stop the car when Tommy â€Å"got out and disappeared into the blackness† (ChapterShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Never Let Me Go1318 Words   |  6 Pagesin order to die. Since the day we are born, we all have a path that we must follow. In the novel â€Å"Never Let me Go† by Kazuo Ishiguro. Kathy a clone, tells us her story about her home. Kathy is a clone that lives in Hailsham. During the novel, there are many themes that are touch. Some of them are; Conformity, Ignorance, free will, communication, hope, the obligation to society, and God. â€Å"Never let me Go† by Kazuo Ishiguro has many messages to their readers. 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The author also uses symbols that contribute to our understanding of why the characters act asRead MoreAnalysis Of Kazuo Ishiguros Never Let Me Go728 Words   |  3 PagesIn the beginning of the novel Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro the reader may assume that the students at Hailsham are average humans. But throughout the novel it becomes apparent that the students’ situation is abnormal. Later on, it is revealed that the stud ents are clones. The reader initially assumes that the students at Hailsham are human because of their determination to find their identity. In Never Let Me Go Ishiguro conveys that striving for identity is what makes one human. One way IshiguroRead MoreA Poetical Analysis of Queen ¡Ã‚ ¯S Bohemian Rhapsody1503 Words   |  7 PagesA Poetical Analysis of Queen ¡Ã‚ ¯s Bohemian Rhapsody This paper looks at Queen ¡Ã‚ ¯s Bohemian Rhapsody from a poetic perspective. Bohemian Rhapsody was written in 1975 by the British rock band Queen, whose lead singer Freddie Mercury died in 1991 from AIDS. The song is one of the world ¡Ã‚ ¯s most popular all-time songs. It is an epic work that belongs to the musical genre  ¡Ã‚ ®Rock-Opera ¡Ã‚ ¯. The song is part of the band ¡Ã‚ ¯s Night at the Opera album that was released in 1975. This period is the so-called  ¡Ã‚ ®GoldenRead MoreIt Worked For Me By David Powell1358 Words   |  6 PagesPowell’s life moments. Powell’s book â€Å"It worked for me† provides life experiences for readers. These life moments where build over time from the growth of his career through the military. Allowing readers into his personal life and beyond, leaving readers with messages to take from. Providing readers with military stories, sympathetic moments and acedenotes from Powell. Sometimes life gets in the way and you sh ould not let it get you down. Let the situation go and give it another try tomorrow, with a clearRead MorePersonal Experience with Writing842 Words   |  4 Pageswriting as well. English has never been my forte. I have received A’s, B’s, C’s, and D’s on essays. I truly never found my voice in writing. In my high school, English teachers would give me mixed reviews on my writing. For example, in 9th grade my English teacher said I was organized with my thoughts, and my writing process was excellent. While in 10th,11th grade ,12th grade my teachers only said negative things about my essays. Not being a strong writer made me despise writing. Then I startedRead MoreNever Let Me Go, By Kazuo Ishiguro1714 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals and as humans are brought up in studies of addressing the crisis surrounding this subject area of science in regards to clones. In the novel â€Å"Never Let Me Go,† by Kazuo Ishiguro he addresses the issue about clones and how they grow up in an institution meant to get the students ready to conquer in a human environment. Ishiguro’s novel â€Å"Never Let Me Go† serves an approach to the â€Å"Cloning argument. In the novel a character named Kathy H was one of the primary ones who was cloned along with a fewRead MoreBy Writing A Literary Analysis It Allows Readers To Criticize1071 Words   |  5 Pagesliterary analysis it allows readers to criticize and survey an author’s work. It lets the readers truly be appreciative and to be able to comprehend what the writings meaning is. Analyzing the poems, short-stories, and anything else the author has written, may show the readers what factors helped shape how they wrote. It could also determine the themes given, how the character’s act amongst each other, and how certain scenes are presented. Overall, a literally analysis is written to let the readers

Diabetes Aboriginal Groups

Question: Discuss about the Diabetes for Aboriginal Groups. Answer: Introduction Diabetes is the current world leader in the list of chronic diseases (Zimmet, Magliano, Herman, et al., 2014,p. 56) and more specifically type 2 Diabetes has reached levels of an epidemic in Australia as well as around the globe. The diabetes prevalence is an issue of public health all over the world (Zimmet et al., 2014, p. 56; Shaw Tanamas, 2012). The greatest burden of health is often allotted to the social groups that are disadvantaged and also to the Indigenous communities (Zimmet et al., 201, p. 56). Aboriginal groups have an extremely high rate of diabetes incidences when compared to the rest of the Australian population. The rates are so high such that the current prevalence among these groups stands at three times that of non-Indigenous population (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014 a; Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014 b). The adult females in Aboriginal groups have a likelihood of developing gestational diabetes which is double that of other women from non-Indigenous communities(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2010). Additionally, the likelihood of an Aboriginal child to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is eight times higher than that of a child from a non Indigenous community (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014). The mortality rates of diabetics who are from Indigenous communities is also very high when compared to non-Indigenous communities (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2015). In this paper, a female patient (Alex) of Aboriginal ethnicity presents herself with various symptoms. The patient reports being fatigued, has a slight tingling sensation on her feet, is experiencing blurred vision, has been experiencing frequent episodes of thirst, and urinates more often than before. A diagnostic result reveals that Alex is diabetic with glucose present in her urine and high level of glucose recorded from her blood sample. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptomology, diagnostic procedures, and management and care of type 2 diabetes will be discussed. Epidemiology of Type2 Diabetes In 2014-2015 approximately 1 million adults in Australia (5%) had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, as recorded from the ABS self-reported data. The breakdown of the prevalence is as follows: Similar males and females at 5% and 6%; threats were higher in males with regard to age specificity starting at 55 years and onward; the similarity was relative at 6% in inner regional, 5% in major cities, and 6% in remote and outer regions; the socio economic group that is lowest had prevalence of 8%, a figure that is close to double that of the higher socioeconomic group which stood at 3%. (AIHW, 2016). The information that is available on self reported data, could be under-representing the prevalence as many people do not report their status either because of inaccuracy of reporting by the persons participating in surveys or them being unaware of their health status. According to the insulin-treated National Diabetes Register, approximately 18,000 people in 2015 commenced their treatment which is equivalent to 76 persons for every 100,000 persons. Other information from the NDR include: the incidence rates in males was 1.5 times higher than females (83 against 56 for every 100,000 people respectively); nearly92% of persons on insulin treatment were 40 years and above with the rates increasing with age(those aged 75 to 79years being 255 persons for every 100,000-this was 10 times 30-34 year age group rate and double that of 50-54 years (AIHW, 2016). The greatest T2DM burden often falls on the groups that are disadvantaged socially as well as the Indigenous populace (Zimmet, Magliano, Herman, 2014, p.56). Australians in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populace have diabetes prevalence that is disproportionately high(ABS, 2014a ABS, 2014b) with the Indigenous women having double the probability of developing gestational diabetes compared to their counterparts (AIHW, 2010). Evidence shows that Indigenous children have an eight times likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes compared to their counterparts (AIHW, 2014). The rates of mortality are equally high with Indigenous groups having a six times likelihood of dying from diabetes compared to their counterparts (ABS, 2015) he high diabetes prevalence rates are reflective of the different factors that are specific to the Indigenous groups and which need to be addressed for effective reduction of the disease burden (Diabetes Australia, 2013; AIHW, 2015). The measures taken require tailored management programs that are culturally appropriate as well as a broader action that goes beyond the confines of healthcare services(O'Dea, Rowley, Brown, 2007, p.494; Closing the Gap Clearinghouse, 2012). Pathophysiology Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are the contributory factors in a more or less combined manner, to the pathophysiological development of the condition. Impaired Insulin Secretion Impaired insulin secretion is characterized by a reduced response of glucose which is observed prior to the clinical onset of the condition. Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) occurs when there is a reduction on the insulin secretion that responds to glucose in the early phase and a reduced amount of extra insulin secretion after consuming food which results in postprandial hyperglycemia (Kaku, 2010). Among the Hispanics and Westerners, an IGT oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is often indicative of high levels of insulin resistance. Among the Japanese, most patients will record decreased levels of insulin secretion in the early phase, this is despite an over-response being observed in persons that are obese or other factors. This decrease observed in the early phase is extremely important in the fundamental pathophysiological change of the disease' onset among all ethnic groups(Abdul-Ghani, Matsuda, Jani et al., 2008) Typically secretion of impaired insulin is progressive, and involves lipotoxicity and toxicity. When left unattended, the two are known to be the causants of reduction in cell mass of the pancreas in animal experiments (Kaku, 2010). The pancreatic cells functionality impairment affects the blood glucose control in the long haul. Early stages of the disease manifests in patients through postprandial blood glucose that is increased due to increased resistance of insulin and decreased secretion in the early phase as well as deterioration of the pancreatic cell functionality which causes the subsequent blood glucose elevation (Kaku, 2010). Insulin Resistance Insulin resistance is characterized by the insufficient action exerted by insulin in proportion to the circulations of blood concentration. The insulin action impairment in major organs such as muscles and liver is a typical T2DM pathophysiological feature. Development of insulin resistance and its expansion occurs prior to the onset of disease (Kaku, 2010). The insulin action molecular mechanism has shown the relationship between environmental and genetic factors (inflammatory mechanism , free fatty acids, and hyperglycaemia among others). Genetic factors that are known include gene polymorphism of insulin receptor substrate-1 and insulin receptor which affect thee insulin signals directly as well as thrifty genes polymorphisms such as the uncoupling protein gene (UCP) and _3 adrenergic receptor gene which are associated with promotion of insulin resistance and visceral obesity. Inflammatory mediators and Glucolipotoxicity also play a role in secretion of impaired insulin as well as insulin impairment signalling mechanisms (Kaku,2010). Symptomology of T2DM Increased or frequent urination: The elevated levels of glucose in the blood force fluids to babe penetrate through the cell. This results in the amount of fluid being sent into the patient's kidneys increasing in response to the cellular malfunction. This is what causes Alex to urinate often times than she did before and puts her at risk of dehydration(LaFlamme, 2016) Thirst: As the patient's tissues become dehydrated, she will feel a sense of thirst. The more times she urinates, the more times she will experience thirst episodes(LaFlamme, 2016). Fatigue: Alex will feel tired and worn out and this is because glucose forms a critical source of body energy. When the cells are unable to absorb glucose, the patient begins to feel exhausted and fatigued(LaFlamme, 2016). Blurred Vision: High levels of glucose will result in swelling of the eye lenses which causes blurred vision. By controlling her blood glucose, Alex will correct any vision problems(LaFlamme, 2016) Recurring sores and infections: The elevates levels of glucose impede the body' normal heading mechanism and causes injures and cuts to stay longer without healing. This predisposes Alex to getting further infection(LaFlamme, 2016) When the high glucose levels are left uncontrolled, Alex will experience further complications such as foot problems, eye disease, high heart disease risk, nerve damage, kidney diseases, and eye diseases (LaFlamme, 2016) Testing of T2DM Blood Glucose Levels Blood glucose self-monitoring is beneficial in the management of diabetes. It allows for one to adapt to the necessary changes in lifestyle and also treatment choices including monitoring symptoms of hyper and hypoglycaemia. Testing is done using glucometers or testing strips. The glucose level that should be indicated in these tests are ideally: 3.55.5mmol/l prior to taking meals, and less than 8mmol/l, after two hours have elapsed form taking a meal(Diabetes UK, 2016). Alex's healthcare team will assist her in choosing a suitable glucometer for her individual needs. The team will teach her how to do the test correctly as a poor technique can result in incorrect recordings and subsequent incorrect dosing of medication. If Alex has a visual impairment, it would mean that using the glucomenter would be difficult and in such an incidence an alternative test will be given to her (Diabetes UK, 2016)r. Lancets and finger-pricking devices: These devices are automatic and will result in a skin piercing that will cause a drop of blood to form and which is extracted for the test to be done. The finger piercing device inserts a lancet that is held by a spring mechanism. The depth of the needle insertion is adjustable depending on how thick the skin is. The lancets come in various different gauges or sizes and lancets. A lancet that has a higher gage will tend to be less painful. Lancets are used only one time and then disposed off, attempting to use them several times will be painful as they become blunt with every use(Diabetes UK, 2016). Urine Testing The test involves holding a test strip and allowing for a urine stream on it for a few seconds. The strip is then compared against a chart that is glued to the container. The colour change on the strip is measured against the standard after a specific time has elapsed. However, the results from urine test are less accurate and do not give the amount of blood glucose at the specific time the test is done as the urine that is being tested may have been produced by the body a number of hours prior to testing (Diabetes UK, 2016). HbA1c This test determines the level of glucose over a 2-3 month period and measures cellular glucose amounts. The target level for diabetic patients should be less 48 mmol/mol. This level will reduce the incidence of developing heart disease, kidney disease, eye disease, and nerve damage. (Diabetes UK, 2016) Management and Care of Diabetes Type 2 Initial management of T2DM can be achieved through lifestyle changes including regular exercise, healthy diet, an blood glucose monitoring. Eating well allow for Alex to manage her body weight while at the same time control her blood glucose levels. The aim of managing diabetes is to keep the levels of glucose at 4-6 mmol/L (fasting) which will prevent long and short term complications(Diabetes Australia, 2016). However, due to the progressive nature of the disease, insulin resistance increases with time and the pancreas becomes ineffective. To help the pancreas, tablets are administered to patients to control the glucose levels. Eventually, the patient is prescribed daily insulin shots as a result of the body producing insufficient insulin on its own. At times the patient can take tablets together with insulin shots. The medications are supposed to be taken in tandem with regular exercises as well as healthy eating (Diabetes Australia, 2016) Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes T2DM in Australia has reached epidemic levels and gaining an understanding of what causes diabetes is a critical first step to minimizing or completely eliminating the disease menace. Currently, the highest rates of T2DM reported cases are among the Indigenous communities. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptomology, diagnostic procedures, and management and care of type 2 diabetes has been discussed. However, the high prevalence rates among Indigenous groups are due to underlying causes which need to be determined and effectively and culturally addressed in order to minimize or completely eliminate the prevalence of T2DM among these groups References AIHW (2016). How many Australians have diabetes? Retrieved on 16th April, 2017). https://www.aihw.gov.au/how-common-is-diabetes/#t4 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2014a)Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health survey: updated results, 201213. (ABS Catalogue no. 4727.0.55.006) Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics (2014b)Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health survey: biomedical results, 2012-13. (ABS Catalogue no 4727.0.55.003) Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics (2014b)Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health survey: biomedical results, 2012-13. (ABS Catalogue no 4727.0.55.003) Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/4727.0.55.0032012-13?OpenDocument Australian Bureau of Statistics (2015)Causes of death, Australia, 2013. (ABS Catalogue no 3303.0) Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3303.0 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2010)Diabetes in pregnancy: its impact on Australian women and their babies. (AIHW Catalogue no CVD 52, diabetes series no. 14) Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=6442472448. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2014)Type 2 diabetes in Australias children and young people: a working paper. (AIHW Catalogue no CVD 64, diabetes series no 21) Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129546359 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2015)Cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease - Australian facts: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Closing the Gap Clearinghouse (2012)Healthy lifestyle programs for physical activity and nutrition. (Closing the Gap Clearinghouse resource sheet no. 9) Canberra: Closing the Gap Clearinghouse Diabetes Australia (2013)Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and diabetes action plan. Canberra: Diabetes Australia Diabetes Australia (2016). Managing Type 2 Diabetes. (Retrieved on 17th April, 2017). https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/managing-type-2 Diabetes UK (2016). Testing. (Retrieved in 16th April, 2017) https://www.diabetes.org.uk/Guide-to-diabetes/Managing-your-diabetes/Testing/ Kaku, K (2010) Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Treatment Policy. JMAJ 53(1): 4146. La Flamme, M. (2016) Recognizing Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms (Retrieved on 17th April, 2017). https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/recognizing-symptoms#overview1 O'Dea K, Rowley KG, Brown A (2007) Diabetes in Indigenous Australians: possible ways forward.Medical Journal of Australia;186(10):494-495 Shaw J, Tanamas S (2012). Diabetes: the silent pandemic and its impact on Australia.(Retrieved April 16, 2017). https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/key-resources/bibliography/?lid=22970 Zimmet PZ, Magliano DJ, Herman WH, Shaw JE, (2014) Diabetes: a 21st century challenge.The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology;2(1):56 - 64

Pepsi Co Essay Example

Pepsi Co Essay Founded in 1893, Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink that is a product of the firm â€Å"PepsiCo. † It the 1920s and 1930s it was the leading soft drink company in the market. From then to now a lot has changed in terms of market scenario as well as product development. The current market scenario comprises of two main market leaders in the soft drink industry, namely, Pepsi and Coca-Cola (Coke). In addition to these other competitors include Thumbs up, Limca, etc. Pepsi faces heavy competition in the Indian market that is so diverse in terms of cultures, traditions, tastes and preferences. Narrowing the research to the city of Pune specifically, within India, it can be noticed that the consumer preference is more for Pepsi or Coke over the others. Since Pune is largely a student hub, it contains a lot of the younger generation population. Thus with the research conducted through this study, Pepsi will be able to study how it could get an upper hand over its competitors in the potential and booming market of Pune in terms of brand awareness and consumer preference. Need of the Study The need of the study conducted is highlighted below †¢Will help with competitor analysis. Will help the company to get an idea about consumer tastes and preference. †¢Will help the company get an upper hand over its competitors. †¢Will help the company to gain market dominance. †¢Will ensure brand loyalty. As it can be studied from the above graph which is based on the responses received from the target market of this study, Coke and Pepsi have a neck to neck competition with Coke leading as compared to the other companies including Pepsi. Thus the main need of this study is for Pepsi to analyze ways in which it could replace Coke to be the market dominator in Pune. We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi Co specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi Co specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi Co specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It must focus on the branding, pricing and packaging parameters mainly in order to improve or introduce newer products into the market and that is exactly the kind of information this study would provide the firm with. Scope of the Study Scope of the study includes- †¢Parameters such as competitor analysis, branding and packaging analysis. †¢It focuses on carbonated soft drinks. †¢Does not include water and alcoholic beverages. †¢Limited to the city of Pune. †¢Research conducted of behalf of Pepsi. †¢Includes bottled as well as can soft drinks. †¢Limited to age group of about fifteen to forty five years. Both males and females included. Methods of Data Collection There are two methods of data collection- 1. Primary 2. Secondary Primary Data was collected through the use of questionnaire. First hand information was made available by distributing questionnaires to 50 people in the target market. Secondary It refers to collection of data that already e xists and is within reach of everyone else as well. For the purpose of this study secondary data methods such as the internet and various articles were used. Statistical Tools Used †¢Bar Graph †¢Pie Charts †¢Questionnaire Company Profile Pepsi is a product of the company PepsiCo that is an American multinational company that has its base in New York. It was founded in 1965, after the merger of Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito Lay. The CEO of the firm is a dynamic Indian lady named Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi, who has held her position since 2006. PepsiCo owns various firms, namely- ?Frito Lay ?Tropicana ?Quaker Oats ?Gatorade Various products introduced include ?Diet Pepsi ?Lipton Ice Tea ?7 Up ?Mountain Dew ?Miranda ?Lays ?Doritos These are a few products amongst many others. Few of PepsiCo’s rival firms include- Coca-Cola ?Kraft ?Red Bull ?Nestle ?Snapple Thus to summarize the above data, since 1965, the year PepsiCo was founded, it has extended its product line not only in the beverage market but also in the food market. Its product lines include Pepsi, Lays, Doritos, 7 Up, Gatorade, etc. Its ever-expanding innovation in terms of products is the number one unique selling point. PepsiCo focuses on carbonated drink s such as 7 Up, Pepsi, Diet Pepsi. It has non-carbonated drinks like Lipton Ice Tea and Aquafina. Its products in the snack market include Doritos, Lays (Magic Masala, Salted, Caribbean, etc). Thus PepsiCo has a strong market hold in terms of its product line and diversification making it one of the leading beverage companies globally. SWOT Analysis Below is the SWOT analysis for PepsiCo StrengthWeakness †¢Brand Name †¢Vast product line †¢Competent CEO†¢Unhealthy products †¢Less focus on main product due to vast product line. OpportunityThreats †¢Innovative products for future †¢More successful mergers/acquisitions †¢Positive market potential. †¢Change in consumer preference and tastes †¢Increasing competiton

Christmas Card Quotes

Christmas Card Quotes This Christmas, add a special touch to your Christmas cards with these wonderful Christmas card quotes. Write the most appropriate quote on it, and your greeting card will stand out in a pile of other Christmas cards. Secular Quotes for Christmas Cards Charles Schulz  Christmas is doing a little something extra for someone. Helen Steiner Rice Peace on earth will come to stay,When we live Christmas every day.Thomas TusserAt Christmas play and make good cheer, for Christmas comes but once a year.Winston ChurchillWe make a living by what we get but we make a life by what we give. Garrison KeillorA lovely thing about Christmas is that its compulsory, like a thunderstorm, and we all go through it together.Bess Streeter Aldrich Christmas Eve  was a night of song that wrapped itself about you like a shawl. But it warmed more than your body. It warmed your heart... filled it, too, with a melody that would last forever.John Greenleaf WhittierA little smile, a word of cheer, A bit of love from someone near, A little gift from one held dear, Best wishes for the coming year†¦ These make a  Merry Christmas! Charles DickensI will honor Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. John Greenleaf WhittierSomehow, not only for ChristmasBut all the long year through,The joy that you give to othersIs the joy that comes back to you. Bob HopeMy idea of Christmas, whether old-fashioned or modern, is very simple: loving others. Come to think of it, why do we have to wait for Christmas to do that? Norman Vincent PealeChristmas waves a magic wand over this world, and behold, everything is softer and more beautiful.Religious Quotes for Christmas Cards George Mathew AdamsLet us remember that the Christmas heart is a giving heart, a wide open heart that thinks of others first. The birth of the baby Jesus stands as the most significant event in all history because it has meant the pouring into a sick world of the healing medicine of love which has transformed all manner of hearts for almost two thousand years. Underneath all the bulging bundles is this beating Christmas heart.Grace Noll CrowellWhatever else be lost among the years, Let us keep Christmas still a shining thing: Whatever doubts assail us, or what fears, Let us hold close one day, remembering its poignant meaning for the hearts of men. Let us get back our childlike faith again.Helen Steiner RiceBless us Lord, this Christmas, with quietness of mind; Teach us to be patient and always to be kind. Eva K. LogueA Christmas candle is a lovely thing; It makes no noise at all, But softly gives itself away; While quite unselfish, it grows small. Charles DickensFor it is good to be children sometimes, and never better than at Christmas, when its mighty Founder was a child Himself. Luke, 2:14Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.

Arguments Against Horse Racing

Arguments Against Horse Racing Death and injuries are not uncommon occurrences in horse racing, and some animal welfare advocates argue that the sport can be humane if certain changes are made. To animal rights activists, the issue is not the cruelty and danger; its about whether we have a right to use horses for entertainment. The Horse Racing Industry Horse racing is not just a sport, but also an industry and unlike most other sports arenas, horse racetracks, with few exceptions, are directly supported by legal gambling. The form of gambling at horse racetracks is called parimutuel betting, which is explained as: The entire money bet on the event goes into a large pool. The holders of winning tickets divide the total amount of money bet on the race (the pool), after deductions for tax and racetrack expenses. The money take out is similar to the rake taken out by the pot in a poker game played in the card room. However unlike the small rake in poker, in the parimutuel pool this â€Å"rake† can amount to 15 – 25 percent of the total prize pool. In various U.S. states, bills have been considered and sometimes passed either allowing racetracks to have other forms of gambling or protecting racetracks from competition from casinos. As gambling has become more accessible in recent years through new casinos and online gambling websites, racetracks are losing customers. According to a 2010 article in the Star-Ledger in New Jersey: This year, the Meadowlands Racetrack and Monmouth Park will lose upwards of $20 million as fans and bettors have migrated to tracks in New York and Pennsylvania with slot machines and other casino games. Pressure from Atlantic City casinos have prevented the racino model from taking hold here, and the tracks have suffered. Daily attendance at the Meadowlands routinely hit 16,500 in its first year. Last year, the average daily crowd was below 3,000. To counter these losses, racetracks have been lobbying to be allowed to have slot machines or even full-blown casinos. In some cases, the slot machines are owned and operated by the government, with a cut going to the racetrack. One might wonder why a government body would be concerned about supporting racetracks instead of allowing them to perish like other outdated industries. Each racetrack is a multi-million dollar economy, supporting hundreds of jobs including everyone from breeders, jockeys, veterinarians, farmers who grow hay and feed, and blacksmiths who do the horseshoeing. The financial forces behind racetracks are the reason they continue to exist, despite concerns about animal cruelty, gambling addictions, and gambling morality. Animal Rights and Horse Racing The animal rights position is that animals have a right to be free of human use and exploitation, regardless of how well the animals are treated. Breeding, selling, buying and training horses or any animal violates that right. Cruelty, slaughter and accidental deaths and injuries are additional reasons to oppose horse racing. As an animal rights organization, PETA recognizes that certain precautions can reduce deaths and injuries, but categorically opposes horse racing. Animal Welfare and Horse Racing The animal welfare position is that there is nothing wrong with horse racing per se, but more should be done to protect the horses. The Humane Society of the United States does not oppose all horse racing but opposes certain cruel or dangerous practices. Cruel and Dangerous Horse Racing Practices According to PETA, One study on injuries at racetracks concluded that one horse in every 22 races suffered an injury that prevented him or her from finishing a race, while another estimated that 3 thoroughbreds die every day in North America because of catastrophic injuries during races. Pushing a horse to his physical limits and forcing him to run around a racetrack is enough to cause accidents and injuries, but other practices make the sport particularly cruel and dangerous. Horses are sometimes raced when they are under three years old and their bones are not strong enough, leading to fractures that can lead to euthanasia. Horses are also drugged to help them compete with injuries, or given prohibited performance-enhancing drugs. Jockeys often whip the horses as they approach the finish line for an extra burst of speed. Racetracks made of hard, packed dirt are more dangerous than those with grass. Perhaps the worst abuse is one that is hidden from the public: horse slaughter. As a 2004 article in the Orlando Sentinel explains: To some, horses are a pet; to others, a living piece of farm equipment. To the horse-racing industry, though, the thoroughbred is a lottery ticket. The racing industry breeds thousands of losing tickets while looking for its next champion. Just as farmers cannot afford to care for spent egg-laying hens when they get old, racehorse owners are not in the business of feeding and keeping losing horses. Even winning horses are not spared from the slaughterhouse: Decorated racers like Ferdinand, a Kentucky Derby winner, and Exceller, who won more than $1 million in purse money, were retired to stud. But after they failed to produce champion offspring, they were slaughtered. While there are rescue groups and sanctuaries for retired racehorses, there are not enough. Horse breeders argue that horse slaughter is a necessary evil, but it wouldnt be necessary if the breeders stopped breeding. From an animal rights perspective, money, jobs, and tradition are powerful forces keeping the horse racing industry alive, but they cannot justify the exploitation and suffering of the horses. And while animal advocates make the ethical arguments against horse racing, this dying sport may pass away on its own.

Brand Extension Marketing Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Brand Extension Marketing Plan - Research Paper Example The brand extension project aims to secure opportunities in the current market before our competitors identify them. By the end of the first Quarter, Clean-So aims to increase its market share by 40%. This is a stiff rate considering the competitive state of the current market. In order to achieve a successful market takeover, Clean-So will introduce a loyalty program whereby customers will earn redeemable royalty point for every purchase. This will enable Clean-So to penetrate the already saturated market. Although Al-Mara is an established brand name, Clean-So Company will need to re-advertise its Al-Mara Creme and Soap. The adverts will mainly target women since Al-Mara is a female-oriented brand. The adverts will be launched through the social media and billboards in order to reach the target group. The Advertisement will be the basis for a strategic customer acquisition program (Stapleton, & Thomas, 1998). Alternative customer acquisition strategies will involve loyalty points program and free samples. We expect an exponential market growth rate that attains stability in the second quarter. Clean-So Company is three-years old in the cosmetic industry and, therefore it is accustomed with market trends and changes. The company aims to concentrate its interests in a profitable market niche. Demographic factors and social classes define the current market. However, Clean-So hopes to surpass the demographic and lifestyle factors associated with the market. In particular, the company aims to market its products to people from different age groups and income brackets. The target market (Lavington Green Village) has consumers from each of the identified category. Therefore, the company will rely on packaging and product differentiation to capture the target market. Moreover, the company aims to launch Al-Mara soap and cream under various fragrances and colors. This aspect of product presentation will cater for the taste and preferences of the target

Managment and Leadership analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managment and Leadership analysis paper - Essay Example Business organizations are cutting down on costs with sponsored travels to conferences, meetings and trainings being usually the first to go. Families are also cancelling their holiday travels as these present significant expenses unwise in the face of job insecurities and shrinking currency value. As people and organizations prefer not to travel, occupancy rates have fallen leading to rapidly shrinking revenues that could be barely enough to sustain overhead costs. Tourism-related businesses are not new to the prospect of crisis and its effects on the industry. War, terrorism and disease outbreaks have severely affected tourism statistics before but the current situation is unique as the effects are immediate but long-lasting. The credit crunch also affects consumer finances while terrorism and diseases only affects consumer confidence. People are easier to convince to take vacations and business meetings when they have the money to spend. The current economic crisis, therefore, calls for an analysis and evaluation of management practices. This paper aims to determine and evaluate hotel management practices designed to address the current economic crisis. First, the state of the UK hotel industry is presented to enable the reader to know the current conditions. Based on this knowledge, an analysis would then be conducted on appropriate measures to be adapted on the following areas of hotel operations and management: revenue management, cost control and guest satisfaction. To know the cure for an ailment, one must first have relevant and useful information. Hence, an understanding of the current conditions of the industry is called for before proceeding with the determination of appropriate hotel management practices. In the following, we will be looking into the trends and developments of tourism and its effects on the hotel industry. As with all other industries, the tourism sector is currently weathering the effects of the

Mock Trial Closings Essay Example for Free

Mock Trial Closings Essay The closing argument is the last piece of a mock trial, essentially the last time you get to sell your case to the jury. During the closing argument, you are summarizing and putting together everything the jury has already heard during the trial. You are basically clarifying everything presented in the trial from showing the relevance of a particular witness to showing how everything you’ve presented comes together to prove your case. It is one of the most important parts of mock trial, mainly because the jury listens. It is the last chance to convince the judges of your case, to show you are more skilled than your opponent, and get the perfect 10 you’re hoping for because they are the last words the jury will hear from your team. It can make your case, or break it, thus delivery is very important. Writing the Closing Theme An important part of a great closing is the theme. It will tie your case together in a pretty ribbon that will stay in the juries mind. It will be the same theme from the opening, one that runs through your entire case, and in the closing reminding the jury of your case with the catchy phrase or sentence. Structure 1)Introduction: Begin with a short introduction that catches the jury’s attention. It should remind the judges of the big picture. If it’s a murder trial, talk about how tragic it is that this person’s life was taken away. If it’s a civil trial you can speak about how the person’s rights were violated. Also be sure to introduce your theme during the introduction. 2)Burden of Proof: Explain what your burden is and what your role is in relation to it. Tell the judges exactly how you’ve met the burden or how the opposing counsel has failed to met this burden. In addition, frame the burden of proof in your favor. 3)Law: Tell the judges about each element of the charge. Explain whether or not you have proved or disproved each element, or whether it is enough to prove or disprove any one element. Then make a roadmap. Tell the judge that to prove your burden/undermine your opponents case, you are to prove x, y, and z. 4)Argument: This is the meat of your case. This is where one by one you are going to signpost and tell the judge exactly what you are talking about. Example: â€Å"Now let’s look at X†. X, Y, and Z should not be your three witnesses but parts of the law that you need to prove or disprove. Remind your judges of testimonies/evidence from the trial that adds up to show X. Do this for all points. Its important to remember it should be based around the law. Don’t go witness by witness recounting the evidence. 5)Conclusion: Sums everything up. Restate how you’ve met your burden of proof through x, y, and z. Use your theme once more to tie everything together. Ask for a verdict. Remember to be this strong, convincing and memorable.

Death Penalty: Capital Punishment is State Sanctioned Murder Essays

Capital Punishment is State Sanctioned Murder      Ã‚   Old Sparky and Gruesome Gertie (affectionate names for the electric chair) have taken the lives of many, even the innocent (Finnerty 18). They are prejudiced and lack compassion. However, many Americans believe that they represent justice. Capital punishment does not represent justice, but vengeance and hate. Among the 7,000 people estimated to have been killed in the United States between 1900 and 1985, at least 23 were innocent (Finnerty 18). In at least 8 of 261 executions performed since 1976, something went wrong; for example, the executioner couldn't find a good vein, or the first jolt of electricity failed to do the trick (Finnerty 18). An innocent person, let alone 23 that were wrongfully executed might seem insignificant to one. Just for a moment think if that one person was your brother or father, and they were innocent! Would you then see that the American judicial system is imperfect, and that capital punishment should be abolished? Capital punishment is wrong an d should be abolished because of its imperfections, high cost, and immoral existence. Many people argue that we should keep practicing capital punishment because it would be a waste of money to sentence someone to life in prison. Facts show that it is more expensive to give someone the death sentence than life in prison. The cost of state execution is up to three times the cost of lifetime imprisonment (Dority 37). So many people are convinced that it is cheaper to practice capital punishment, but those people are not aware of the facts to be presented. If someone is interested in saving "tax payer's dollars," it is much cheaper to sentence someone to life in prison. The reason that life imprisonment... ...dical treatment that they deserve, not death. Capital punishment is an ineffective deterrent that only demonstrates violence for society (Dority 37). We are teaching society that it is acceptable to kill. We are saying that revenge is justifiable. Racism is no stranger to capital punishment. The death penalty wants to save as many white people as it can, and kill as many black people as possible. Violence begets violence, and murder begets murder. The violent crimes that capital punishment attempts to control will only increase if we, the people, do not demand moral alternatives to state sanctioned murder. Works Cited Dority, Barbara. "Not in My Name." The Humanist March/April 1993: 36-37. Finnerty, Amy. "Sunday: Six Facts." The New York Times Magazine 5 February 1995: 18. Monagle, Katie. "The Death Penalty." Update 4 September 1992: 13-15.

Recruitment and Army Essay

1.0 Opportunities and dangers to be considered by the Army in externalising the recruitment processes. a. Preston (2012 P.36) shows how the two-way process of recruitment ‘should be as much about the applicant finding out whether the business is right for them as about whether they are deemed acceptable by the business’. c. Having employment opportunities for the soldiers who are being made redundant will allow the knowledge and experience of ex-soldiers to remain forefront of recruitment helping recruiting the right person be more effective. An explanation by Preston (2012, P.36) tells us how if ‘appointees don’t fit then profitability is affected’; this key can show that the benefits of externalization will bring spending cuts by selecting only the right persons increasing retention. d. Being seen as ‘perverse’ is a danger because if the Army gives a bad image of high staff redundancies while spending highly on hiring this could be open to stereotypic views as Preston explains ‘Many people are deterred from entering certain professions because of general stereotypical images which exist in their society or culture’ (2012, P.38). Col Richard Kemp in the case study says how ‘previously using a civilian company was not a success’. This could have a detrimental impact upon future recruits if the civilian company cannot deliver what is expected. It will also have an  impact upon the Army’s image if it doesn’t work out the second time round. 2.0 Methods of selection and their advantages and disadvantages for selecting soldiers. Interviews – Used to understand key facts of the job and recruit for either parties and determine suitability to one another. This method is an opportunity the Army can utilize to lay out main facts of what they have to offer. It’s also a chance for the recruit to decide whether or not they are happy with the opportunities. The advantage to the Army using this method would remove unexpected expectation at an early stage reducing cost from training soldiers who realized it’s not what they thought at a later stage. The disadvantage however would be that interviews are seen as ‘too subjective to the individual and place a ‘cloud’ over an individual’s ability (Preston, 2012 P.43) Tests – Used to measure a person’s ability and aptitude relevant to the job. This Method would allow the Army to see suitability of potentials under set tests giving a further indication on whether the Army is a job the candidate is suitable for before subjecting them to full training further reducing cost at an earlier convenience. Preston (2012) also explains that this can also be a way to reduce inherent subjectivity of the interview method. This method has disadvantages of not being able to incorporate all what the Amy needs to see as some areas of the Army require more subjective tests. This can increase costs if at a later stage the applicant is found unable to cope with certain areas of the job and pulls out. Assessment Centre – Can show the applicant in certain situations relevant to the job. This shows the Army the recruits in a role play scenario or group activity which can indicate the applicant’s ability under a selection of techniques in multiple combinations. This can incorporate a more subjective assessment of the individual so it can be determined further whether the Army can offer a position to the recruit. This would help the Army in selecting those who are of correct skill level generating more quality recruits increasing retention. However the assessment centers only provide the Army with a short insight to certain scenarios as the Army is a specialized area of recruitment the individual cannot be seen faced with all possible problems the recruit may encounter as  a soldier. 3.0 Recommendations for organising induction and socialisation of newly hired soldiers to enhance retention. Induction is whereby a new recruit is welcomed into the organisation through a short term introduction to areas shown by Preston (2012, P45) like what their job description is, what’s expected of them or underlining policies and procedures. Such inductions are critical to the Army as it helps new recruits become accustomed to their surroundings and allows them to adopt the organisational culture and written rules helping them understand what is expected and what is accepted. Typical activities include group welcoming (showing videos), simple team working (to help get to know each other) and tours of the premises (to learn the surroundings). Socialisation is a long term process shown by Preston (2012) to ‘help understand in terms how the newcomer makes sense of the business and their role within it’. This would be of importance to help the Army ensure the recruits are following the correct procedures and polices but also helping to keep track of the recruit’s process ensuring they are settling in and managing well. To help the activities could include meetings to see the recruit’s progression, group socialising to help with settling, appraisals to show they are doing well and promotions to help encourage further progression. To help improve retention and reduce dropouts induction techniques recommended would be having already serving soldiers at a welcome day to have questions asked and stories from first hand experiences. As documented by Harding (2011) in the case study ‘the most effective recruiters were young soldiers who had already served on operations’. This could expel any rumors and help new recruits understand the demands of Army life at an early stage. This technique would also allow the introduction of policies and procedures and what to expect. Using mentoring as a socialising technique would give recruits quantitative information based on their progression into the business and how well they are integrating into the  role. This information can be persuading for new recruits to show them they are on the right track and doing well, resulting in increased momentum and a desire to keep going. As Preston (2012) says ‘socialisation is understanding how the newcomer makes sense of the business and their role within it’. Mentoring through the early stages can keep track of the recruit and provide them with the help and support to succeed in turn, reducing dropouts and increasing quality recruits. References: Harding T. (2011) ‘Army to pay civilian firm  £1bn to recruit new soldiers’ The Telegraph 11 October [Online]. Available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/8819327/ Army-to-pay-civilian-firm- £1bn-to-recruit-new-soldiers.html (Accessed 1 September 2014). Preston, D (2012), An introduction to human resource management in business, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Prà ©cis: From the tutor group forum discussions I have learnt that there are many views on what people have in the work place. The work place HRM polices and business cultures can be dramatically different from business to business and different people have different views on them and how they incorporate them into their working lives. Activity 2.3 shown how businesses HRM polices and culture can mix well or clash badly as such Pauls Bourne shows how that if people of a work place buy into the ‘norm’ this can sometimes override what the HRM polices state resulting in problems. However that HRM polices should be a state of first call when people need to be reminded what is truly expected of them in the place of work. All the ideas coming together has taught me to think more logically about the place I work and how the business culture is upheld through normal behaviour of people through unwritten rules up to the policies and procedures in place to help maintain a uniformed business. Reference: Bourne P, (2014) ‘Activity 2.3 HRM and Culture’ The Open University 19 November 2014 [Online]. Available at https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/forumng/discuss.php?d=1210164 (accessed 25 November 2014).

Motivations and Benefits of Students Volunteering

Essa Fadhili S363053517/1/2018 Teachers(s) Name: Sharene Herdy & Rachel Joy Abstract The following report examines the factors that motivate students to take part in volunteering work. The piece largely draws its insights from an American Education Research Journal and a peer reviewed article from Sweden's Linnacus University. The goal is to provide findings on what motivates university students into engaging in volunteer work, the report offers several ideas for recommendations. The report provides concise findings on what motivates students into taking part in volunteering work.IntroductionVolunteering is a necessary part of the society as it is associated with numerous benefits for both the active and passive participants. While this fact remains, many students are usually unwilling to participate in volunteering program for varied reasons. Some lack motivating factors since the work is free while others do not consider volunteer to be important or of any meaningful use to the society. Most universities have for long encouraged their students to take up volunteering work. Through volunteering, students gain from experience. For instance, they help give back to the society by helping the disadvantaged and improve their social skills. The report aims to discuss the motivations of volunteering. In doing so, the benefits that students can derive from participating in volunteer work will be reviewed. The benefits include meeting new people, acquiring useful skills, and learning the importance of creating community awareness about certain social gaps. The piece will also provide recommendations to help to universities promote the program to the participants. The piece largely draws its insights from an American Education Research Journal and a peer reviewed article from Sweden's Linnacus University.  Motivations for Student to do Volunteer WorkOne of the motivations that encourage students to engage in volunteer work is the need to meet new people and help their cause. The Students make new friends with others like them from other faculties or schools which serves to improve their social interactions for students engaging in volunteer work provides them with the opportunity to meet strangers and have a positive impact on their lives. Research indicates that 74% of students who were actively involved in volunteer work experienced broader social ties and friendships (Fermnadez, Linett, and Nomoto 2016). It is easier for students with similar interests to interact that it is the case within the campus. As can be seen in the figure below, the number of volunteers in the University age bracket is still very low and thus the need to encourage students to enrol.Figure-12.Benefits of Volunteer WorkAnother important motivation that lures students into being part of volunteer work is the fact that they develop useful skills and work experience. In the process of helping with volunteer work, students can learn various professional skills that can assist them with their future career and their resume. Research indicates that 51% of fresh graduates in employment began working in volunteering programs (Serow1991). Volunteering comes with a sense of happiness and self-fulfillment thus enticing students to take part in such programs. Also, 39% of non-volunteer students strongly believe volunteering in their academic course can entice them to engage in volunteer work (Serow1991). Volunteer work can act as an easy route to employment more so where the work involved relates to the course the participants are taking in the University.Feeling of Happiness in Helping PeopleThe other motivation that student can gain from volunteering work is the feeling of happiness in helping others. The participants make a social difference that they feel proud of and that acts as a motivational factor to engage in volunteer work (Serow 1991). The feeling that one is making a meaningful contribution to the society and organizations that address the social plight of the society is enough motivation to encourage students to take part in more volunteer program. Everyone likes to be part of a significant social change, and volunteer work offers this chance to the student. Figure-2The above figure illustrates the sharp decline in the number of volunteer between 2002 and 2015.ConclusionTo sum up, different motivations can serve to encourage more students to engage in volunteering program. Engaging in volunteer work provides students with an opportunity to improve their chances of employability. What is more, students get to meet new students with similar interests. Lastly, students feel happy helping others and that lures them into volunteer programs.RecommendationsTo encourage more student to join the volunteering program the university should organize events where student volunteers can meet to share their experiences. Organizing such forums can both fulfill the need for students to socialize and act as a motivation for more students to engage in the volunteer program. Young people are thrill seekers and meeting new friends to share their experiences-both life's and those from the program-can help boost the number of students joining the volunteer program. The events should have fun activities that students love such as music, famous artists, and food. . The University should organize short courses where experienced student volunteers can showcase their experience by teaching potential members the benefits of enrolling. This adds to their skills and employability. Such courses have a high chance of succeeding since it involves students teaching students unlike an outsider or a teacher doing so. The new lanners would be in a better position to learn from their colleagues who also share their experiences of the program. A youngster encouraging another is more effective than an older party teaching the same to a youngster. . Another effective recommendation that would serve to attract more students to the volunteer program would be the use of flyers, adverts, and colorful videos about the pleasant experience of students in the volunteer program. Young people are always attracted to interesting videos and adverts as they form part of their daily lives on social media. Through sharing the videos and adverts, students improve their social life as they meet other new interested parties. As such, using these tools may be the most effective way to reach to potential student-volunteers4 who are not already in the program. Videos, flyers, and ads may work better than word of mouth. Most campus students spend more time on the Internet than they do when they interact with each other. As such, it is easier for new volunteers to find the information about the volunteer program from popular social sites that from friends.Reference listFemandez, P Linett, Q ; Nomoto, T 2016, `student volunteering in Sweden and the motivations driving this phenomenon `Bachelor Thesis,Linnacus University ,Sweden.Serow, R, C 1991, `Students and voluntarism: looking into the motives of community service participants'American Educational Research Journal, vol.28, No.3, pp 543-556.

Developing the Under Developed essays

Developing the Under Developed essays The desolate and scorched soil of a vast empire that once ruled lay wasted in the dim morning sun. This is symbolic of a newly developed nation that grew at a pace that the environment could not stand. Human life in future generations depends on the judgement of the civilizations prior to the existing generation. Historical research points to many reasons why developing nations should conserve not expend their resources. Three areas of analysis that solve this dilemma are the obligation to later generations (religious), governmental obligations (political), and the harms caused by developing fully (religiouspolitical). One must also consider the repercussions caused by each decision on not only the existing generations but the generations that follow as well. The first area of analysis is the obligation to the later generations. All the creatures born or awaiting birth have a right to live in the world with peace. (doc. 4) One can not be so vain as to state that one human is any better than another is, therefore when once a human destroys a resource beyond recovery than that individual is denying the rights of everyone that follows. It is an injustice to deny the God given right to live in peaceful and undisturbed world. Denying the earth as a living object, some ecologists fail to realize the true repercussions that could and will plague the earth if resources are expended by the current nation and not left for the next. (doc. 16) The Egyptian people believed that without the Nile then their civilization would die. Their logic was that if the Nile dried up or was ruined in any way then the dwelling is silent and all fertility is lost. The Egyptians also believe that even the Gods would be upset if the Nile were to be tarnished becaus e it would destroy and render the fields that they created useless. (doc. 2) Giving the people dominion over animals and other creatures, God intended the people to ...

Battle of the Basque Roads in the Napoleonic Wars

Battle of the Basque Roads in the Napoleonic Wars Battle of the Basque Roads - Conflict Dates: The Battle of the Basque Roads was fought April 11-13, 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). Fleets Commanders British Admiral Lord James GambierCaptain Thomas Cochrane11 ships of the line, 7 frigates, 6 brigs, 2 bomb vessels French Vice Admiral Zacharie Allemand11 ships of the line, 4 frigates Battle of the Basque Roads - Background: In the wake of the Franco-Spanish defeat at Trafalgar in 1805, the remaining units of the French fleet were distributed among Brest, Lorient, and Basque Roads (La Rochelle/Rochefort). In these ports they were blockaded by the Royal Navy as the British sought to prevent them from getting to sea. On February 21, 1809, the ships of the Brest blockade were driven off station by a storm allowing Rear Admiral Jean-Baptiste Philibert Willaumez to escape with eight ships of the line. Though the Admiralty was initially concerned that Willaumez intended to cross the Atlantic, the French admiral instead turned south. Gathering up five ships that had slipped out of Lorient, Willaumez put into Basque Roads. Alerted to this development, the Admiralty dispatched Admiral Lord James Gambier, along with the bulk of the Channel Fleet, to the area. Establishing a strong blockade of Basque Roads, Gambier soon received orders ordering him to destroy the combined French fleet and directed him to consider using fire ships. A religious zealot who had spent much of the previous decade ashore, Gambier frowned on the use of fire ships stating them to be a horrible mode of warfare and un-Christian. Battle of the Basque Roads -Cochrane Arrives: Frustrated by Gambiers unwillingness to move forward with an attack on Basque Roads, the First Lord of the Admiralty, Lord Mulgrave, summoned Captain Lord Thomas Cochrane to London. Having recently returned to Britain, Cochrane had established a record of successful and daring operations as a frigate commander in the Mediterranean. Meeting with Cochrane, Mulgrave asked the young captain to lead a fire ship attack into Basque Roads. Though concerned that more senior commanders would resent his appointment to the post, Cochrane agreed and sailed south aboard HMS Imperieuse (38 guns). Arriving at Basque Roads, Cochrane was warmly greeted by Gambier but found that the other more senior captains in the squadron were angered by his selection. Across the water, the French situation had recently changed with Vice Admiral Zacharie Allemand taking command. Assessing the dispositions of his ships, he moved them into a stronger defensive position by ordering them to form two lines just south of the Isle dAix. Here they were protected to west by the Boyart Shoal, forcing any attack to come from the northwest. As added defense, he ordered a boom constructed to guard this approach. Scouting the French position in Imperieuse, Cochrane advocated for immediately converting several transports into explosion and fire ships. A personal invention of Cochranes, the former were essentially fire ships packed with around 1,500 barrels of gunpowder, shot, and grenades. Though work moved forward on three explosion ships, Cochrane was forced to wait until twenty fire ships arrived on April 10. Meeting with Gambier, he called for an immediate attack that night. This request was denied much to Cochranes ire (Map) Battle of the Basque Roads - Cochrane Strikes: Spotting the fire ships offshore, Allemand ordered his ships of the line to strike topmasts and sails to reduced the amount of exposed flammable material. He also ordered a line of frigates to take position between the fleet and the boom as well as deployed a large number of small boats to tow away approaching fire ships. Despite having lost the element of surprise, Cochrane received permission to attack that night. To support the attack, he approached the French anchorage with Imperieuse and the frigates HMS Unicorn (32), HMS Pallas (32), and HMS Aigle (36). After nightfall, Cochrane led the attack forward in the largest explosion ship. His plan called for the use of two explosion ships to create fear and disorganization which was to be followed by an attack using the twenty fire ships. Sailing forward with three volunteers, Cochranes explosion ship and its companion breached the boom. Setting the fuse, they departed. Though his explosion ship detonated early, it and its companion caused great consternation and confusion among the French. Opening fire on the spots where the explosions occurred, the French fleet sent broadside after broadside into their own frigates. Returning to Imperieuse, Cochrane found the fire ship attack in disarray. Of the twenty, only four reached the French anchorage and they inflicted little material damage. Unknown to Cochrane, the French believed all of the approaching fire ships to be explosion ships and frantically slipped their cables in an effort to escape. Working against a strong wind and tide with limited sails, all but two of the French fleet ended up running aground before dawn. Though initially incensed by the failure of the fire ship attack, Cochrane was elated when he saw the results at dawn. Battle of the Basque Roads - Failure to Complete the Victory: At 5:48 AM, Cochrane signaled Gambier that the bulk of the French fleet was disabled and that the Channel Fleet should approach to complete the victory. Though this signal was acknowledged, the fleet remained offshore. Repeated signals from Cochrane failed to bring Gambier to action. Aware that high tide was at 3:09 PM and that the French could refloat and escape, Cochrane sought to force Gambier to enter the fray. Slipping into Basque Roads with Imperieuse, Cochrane quickly became engaged with three grounded French ships of the line. Signaling Gambier at 1:45 PM that he was in need of assistance, Cochrane was relieved to see two ships of the line and seven frigates approaching from the Channel Fleet. On seeing the approaching British ships, Calcutta (54) immediately surrendered to Cochrane. As the other British ships came into action, Aquilon (74) and Ville de Varsovie (80) surrendered around 5:30 PM. With the battle raging, Tonnerre (74) was set afire by its crew and exploded. Several smaller French vessels were also burned. As night fell, those French ships that had been refloated retreated to the mouth of the River Charente. When dawn broke, Cochrane sought to renew the fight, but was incensed to see that Gambier was recalling the ships. Despite efforts to convince them to remain, they departed. Alone again, he was preparing Imperieuse for an attack on Allemands flagship Ocean (118) when a succession of letters from Gambier forced him to return to the fleet. Battle of the Basque Roads -Aftermath: The last major naval action of the Napoleonic Wars, the Battle of the Basque Roads saw the Royal Navy destroy four French ships of the line and a frigate. Returning to the fleet, Cochrane pressed Gambier to renew the battle but instead was ordered to depart for Britain with dispatches detailing the action. Arriving, Cochrane was hailed as a hero and knighted, but remained furious over the lost opportunity to annihilate the French. A Member of Parliament, Cochrane informed Lord Mulgrave that he would not vote for a motion of thanks for Gambier. This proved career suicide as he was prevented from returning to sea. As word moved through the press that Gambier had failed to do his utmost he sought a court-martial to clear his name. In a rigged result, where key evidence was withheld and charts altered, he was acquitted.

Incidents in the life of a slave girl (1861) by Harriet jacobs Essay

Incidents in the life of a slave girl (1861) by Harriet jacobs - Essay Example The major source of encouragement to such individuals was the dream of establishing families of their own in freedom. A major hindrance was imposed upon the slaves if they already had children or families while under the rule of their slave masters or holders. In Linda’s case, her grandmother was a source of empowerment in her life, acting as both her father and mother. Her free grandmother, who was always there for her and her brother Benjamin reinforced Linda’s economic needs and emotional support (Jacobs 4). In the story, Linda talks of her grandmother endless stream of support and refuge that indebts her to her grandmother. Linda’s grandmother is also her personal confidant to whom she tells all her secrets and dreams. As such, Linda respects her grandmother so much that she does not tell her of the struggle against advances from Dr. Flint, and this marks the first conflict between the two. Since her childhood, Linda’s grandmother was always encouragin g her to assert her sexuality in order to avoid further slavery. This is an effort to pull her out of enslavement. Nevertheless, Linda faces many challenges while maintaining her sexuality, including the advances from Dr. Flint (Jacobs 21). Ultimately, she goes against her grandmother’s wishes and gives herself to Mr. Sands. This move, which she considers as triumph over her master, will have a negative impact on her relationship with her grandmother. Her grandmother is not happy after Linda confesses to her not only because of the importance of gaining freedom by maintaining her purity, but also because of societal values. Both the whites and the slaves held the institution of marriage in high regard. Another reason was the fact that children of slaves were to follow their mother step of servitude. Despite her grandmother’s empowerment, she also acts as a hindrance in her quest to obtain freedom. The relationship between Linda and her grandmother suffer a major blow a s her grandmother does not approve of her path to freedom. Linda’s intimate relationship with Mr. Sands is completely unacceptable before her grandmother’s opinion. Linda eventually has two children with Mr. Sands, who tend to delay her escape mission to freedom. Linda eventually considers another strategy: hiding until Dr. Flint becomes discouraged and sells her and her children to another slave master. In her plan to escape with Mr. Sands, her grandmother discourages her by a mother’s guilt, telling her not to trust the man but rather stick to her kids. She goes ahead to tell her that a woman who leaves her children loses her respect. This persuasion by her grandmother is a dilemma in her escape plan, which might secure the safety of her children and herself. Linda’s grandmother continues to instill the fears of her being a bad mother by relating to her children, Ben and Ellen, like a mother. Her loyalty to her grandmother and the natural fear of forsak ing her kids continues to hinder her escape plans, but not until the safety of Ben and Ellen threatened. Linda views their proposed move to plantations as slaves revive her escape plans. She acknowledges that the slaves in plantation are subject to harsh conditions than those in serving in the urban. The thought of her children suffering cruel treatment and conditions in the plantations forces her to flee disregarding her grandmother feelings and opinions. Linda places her children’s safety before the wishes of her grandmother, opting to remaining hidden in her grandmother’

Investment Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Investment Risk Management - Essay Example Laura and Rubia (2012) says that in a practical setting, typical risks faced by financial institutions include defaults on loans provided by the firm, losses on investment securities and failure of business undertakings on a supplementary party owing certain obligations to the affected party. In this case, it is acknowledgeable that financial companies face numerous risks in operations. Therefore, risk management involves developing appropriate measures to curb and minimize effects of these typical circumstances. Laura and Rubia (2012) says that after developing appropriate measures, risk management moves into implementing and procedures meant to facilitate the realization of pre-determined risk management goals. In contemporary business environments, the financial industry faces substantial effects from volatility in micro-economic elements. This means that, economic trends play a significant role in either boosting or inflating portfolio, and investment securities held by a given c ompany. This type of risk is largely inevitable, as micro-economic elements of a business environment depend on the specific region that a business organization operates. In an event that America undergoes high inflation rates and a negative economic growth, then the financial industries operating within the US will feel the pinch of inflation. In this regard, financial institutions experience unprecedented risks during turbulent economic times. According to Allen (2012), it is inherent to acknowledge the fact that turbulence within an economic environment causes financial uncertainty; which requires intervention from risk management practices. Financial volatility and associated risks became pronounced with adoption of electronic trading in security markets. In modern automated markets, threats from data and information theft features as one insecurity element facing the financial industry. Trends suggest that there is a potential risk of exposure to data breaches coupled with iden tity theft experienced by financial institutions. Allen (2012) agrees that despite risk trends suggesting an increase in security breaches, financial companies do not put enough measures to counteract data theft. In a practical sense, failure to address these risks presents huge risks and challenges to the financial industry. In order to evaluate the effect of negligence in financial risk management, we will appraise the case of Lehman Brothers. In September 2008, Lehman Brothers, which is one of the most prestigious participants in the Wall Street market, admitted having filed for bankrupts amid negotiations with potential buyers. According to Teather, Treanor, & Wearden (2008), Lehman Brothers postulated that the protection move aimed at safeguarding its assets. However, the collapse of the huge financial company was a result of the credit crunch coupled with profound effects from sub-prime crisis. Lehman was a victim of the credit crunch, which refers to a situation where lenders provided limited on no money to borrowers. In 2008, there was a significant economic recession across the world. As a result, lending financial institutions froze their money in order to minimize risks associated with the uncertain economy. According to Teather et al. (2008), Lehman Brothers could not borrow enough money to sustain its business operations; hence opted for a bankruptcy protection. Apart from

Reasons behind Organisations Seeking Control on Its Various Essay - 1

Reasons behind Organisations Seeking Control on Its Various Operational Dimensions - Essay Example According to the research findings, the organizations have attempted to render greater interests in order to control their internal business activities and obtain advantageous competitive benefits identified in the external environment of the business. Moreover, it can be observed that the modern business organizations are highly focused on evaluating a range of useful mechanistic processes in order to enhance their power of controlling and obtaining greater competitive advantages in the global market.In order to obtain a critical understanding of the current day scenario, the various aspects associated with the accomplishment of the organizational goal, i.e. to seek control in different situations, will be evaluated. Additionally, to provide the discussion with firm evidence, the illustration of Marks & Spencer plc (M&S) strategies will be taken into account. According to Jensen, human communication is recognized as a transmission method, through which the conversation conveys one l ocation to another and is possible only when the messages are transferred from a mechanistic perspective. It is in this context that analysts who adopt mechanistic perspective believe that the concepts of communications are causally associated. Specifically, the mechanistic perspective in the communication process involves a linear relationship between the communicator and the channels through which the message is delivered. Moreover, Sorokin has also mentioned that a mechanistic perspective model possesses the capacity of understanding any complex system through the investigation of its particular characteristics as well as the interrelation persisting between the variables. The model is usually integrated with physical aspects where the system elements are identified as real and visible. With reference to the notion of mechanistic models, it can be observed as based on elements which are incorporated in a discrete manner that cannot be physically observed.

Phase Model of Globalization

Phase Model of Globalization The intention of this paper is to give an outline of the stages in the phase model of globalisation. It will talk about each of the four stages and some associated advantages and disadvantages with each. Also this paper will be looking at companies within Australia that represent each of the stages in the phase model. Introduction Globalisation is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. (StateUniversityofNewYork)Globalisation is a defining word of our age and the way in which we live; globalisation affects people, companies, their workforce and consumers. It affects all aspects, not just of the corporate world, but transactional and cultural relationships generally and so affects how we live and how we interact, no matter where we live (Stanley J. Paliwoda 2009). Globalisation has been accelerated by falling trade barriers, the spread of free trade and trade harmonisation in an electronic age, bringing a reduction in the bureaucracy surrounding international trade and increased speed to the way in which communications relay changes anywhere in the world (Stanley J. Paliwoda 2009). There are four stages in the phase model of globalisation they are Export ing, Cooperative contracts, Strategic alliances and Wholly owned affiliates (McWilliams 2010). In the following paper all four stages will be analysed and using Australian companies who operate at each stage the risks and major disadvantages will be identified and outlined. Body With todayà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s more and more globalised world the yearly value of global trade in the form of exports and imports is expected to exceed $12 trillion. In most recent years world trade has consistently grown at a more rapid rate than world productivity (BusinessVictoria 2008). The term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country, in summary it means selling domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries (McWilliams 2010) the main risks with exporting are high financial costs, ever increasing trade barriers, and greater political, legal and cultural complexity. An example of an Australian company that uses exporting is the iconic Australian swimwear brand Speedo who export their items to countries such as UK, Japan, France, Italy and Germany (Speedo 2010), also many other well known Australian fashion designers such as Lisa Ho, sass bide and Ksubi (AustralianGovernment 2010 ) have increased the exportation of their designs and lines internationally over the past decade. The next phase in the model is known as cooperative contracts and it comprises of two commonly used types; Licensing and Franchising. Licensing is an agreement in which a domestic company, the licensor, receives royalty payments for allowing another company, the licensee, to produce the licensorà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s product, sell its service or use its brand name in a specified foreign market (McWilliams 2010). The use of licensing in industry can open up gaps for risks to occur, such as the licensor giving up control over the quality of the product or the service sold by the foreign licensee also licensees can eventually become competitors, especially when a licensing agreement includes access to important technology or proprietary knowledge. In Australia Telstra is a main company which is using licensee stores, the Telstra Licensed shops (Telstra 2010) can be located in all major cities and shopping centres. A business or company also has the option of franchising; th is is a collection of networked firms in which the manufacturer or marketer of a product or service, the franchisor, licences the entire business to another person or organisation, the franchisee (McWilliams 2010). Compared to licensing its risks are more numerous; at the end of the franchise term, the franchisor is not obliged to renew the franchise, in which case the business and its goodwill revert to the franchisor. Some franchises have restrictions in place which means you are limited where you may operate and/or promote your business; franchisees generally have to operate the business according to the franchisors operations manual. In Australia we have many well known franchised companies one being The Coffee Club which has 270 stores across Australia, New Zealand and Thailand (Reed 2010)and the popular chain of Healthy Habits which now has 32 stores nationally (Reed 2010) The Strategic alliance phase is an agreement in which companies combine key resources, costs, risk, technology and people (McWilliams 2010). Strategic alliances are becoming more and more prominent in the global economy, more than 20,000 corporate alliances have been formed worldwide over the past two years, and the number of alliances in the USA has grown by 25 percent each year since 1987 (Elmuti and Kathawala 2001). There are four types of strategic alliances; joint ventures, equity strategic alliance, non-equity strategic alliance, and global strategic alliances. The most common form of strategic alliance is joint ventures which involve two or more companies or individuals in a partnership for a particular purpose (Bambi Faivre Walters 2008-2010). The more valuable the complementary assets held by a local firm, the more likely a foreign firm will choose a joint venture as a means by which to enter a host market (Chiao, Lo et al. 2006). Some major disadvantages with this stage are ; the overcoming of language and cultural barriers, clash of egos and company cultures, dealing with conflicting objectives, strategies, corporate values, and ethical standards and the time consuming for managers in terms of communication, trust-building, and coordination costs (Ellay 2009). A recent joint venture was the merger of Vodaphone and 3 mobile who now fall under the joint company of VHA. VHA markets its products and services under the Vodafone brand, but retains exclusive rights to use the 3 brand in Australia (Gedda 2009) Wholly owned affiliates is the final phase in the model, these companies are foreign offices, facilities and manufacturing plants that are 100% owned by the parent company (McWilliams 2010). There is a distinct primary advantage to this which is that the parent company receives all of the profits and has complete control over the foreign facilities, but the biggest disadvantage to the use of this phase in business is the expense of building new operations or buying existing businesses, this is phase is also commonly referred to as build or buy. In situations of non-firm-specific assets, joint ventures are superior to wholly-owned subsidiaries, which are highly exposed to environmental uncertainty. In situations involving firm-specific assets, wholly-owned subsidiaries may reduce the risks of delay and opportunistic behaviour by partners in uncertain environment (Chiao, Lo et al. 2006). Mitsui EP Australia Pty Ltd (MEPAU) is an example of Australian company that is wholly owned affili ates. It is a 100% affiliated company of Mitsui Co., Ltd and Mitsuià ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s main investments are largely in the Australian and New Zealand energy sector (Mitsui 2010). While the payoff can be enormous if wholly owned affiliates succeed, the losses can be immense if they fail, because the parent company assumes all of the risk (McWilliams 2010) Conclusion In summary, all of the four stages in the phase model of globalisation have immense impact on how businesses and companies evolve through time. Some businesses may choose not to follow the phase model step by step, they can opt to skip stages on the way; there are also a majority of businesses choosing not to follow this phase model at all (McWilliams 2010). At first, globalisation was about taking advantage of minor expenses in offshore destinations, but now thriving globalisers recognise the additional major advantages to this and are taking on these advantages, where unsuccessful organisations are not. Each stage or phase of the model inherent its own levels of risks; but to make sure there is successful implementation of these phases requires conscientious planning, and also requires continuing management, and strong dedication from the business and organisation leaders.